Joseph h



(NO Model.)

J. H. CAMPBELL.

METHOD Of' OTILIZINO AOOA AMMONIA As A MOTIVO POWER 1N ENOmBs.

Patnted Mar.

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JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL, OF NEv YORK,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 399,131, dated March 5,1889.

Application led September 19, 1887. Renewed'uly 24, 1888. Serialhi280,917. (No model.)

To (all uffi/0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL, a citizen of the United Statesof America, residing at New York, in the County of New York and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in theMethod ot' Utilizing' Aqua-Ammonia asa Motive Powerin Engines, of whichthe following is a speeication, reference being had therein to theaccompanying drawing.

My invention relates to improvements in the method and apparatus 'forutilizingaquaammonia as a motive power in engines.

The object of my present invention is, in operating an aqua-a mm oniaengine, to return the exliaust-\'apor and the solution used in sprayingthe exhaust to the boiler by means of a vapor-puiiipwviz., a pump drivenby the vapor of ammonia-which is similar in construction to the ordinarysteam-pump used Vtor like purposes, and is intended as animprovement onmy method described in my patents, Nos. 337,371, 337,372, 337,375,

1886, and application filed August o, 1R87, Serial No. 246,357.

A further object of my invention is to oontrol the pressure of the vaporin the boiler, especially when the engine hasbeen suddenly stopped orthe load so reduced that but little vapor is required to run the engine,by the aid oi' a pump adjust-ed, as hereinafter explained, whereby Iavail myself et a continuous supply of liquid, which isdrawn `trom theboiler, cooled, and returned as the emergency requires, thus avoidingthe storage oi' a large amount of liquid and accomplishingotherrcsults,as will be more fully explained hereinafter.

The devices embraced in this invention perform nearly the same functionas that of a safety or blow-off valve in a steam-engine.

My invention consists in the method, hereinafterdeseribed, of returningthe exhaust of the engine and the liquid used for spraying or absorbingsaid exhaust by means of a pump driven by ammonia-vapor, having itsexhaust connected with the exhaust of the engine, or so constructed thatthe spray-liquid will come in contact with the same.

My invention consists, further, in the method, hereinafter described, ofrelieving the boiler v 337,374, of; .March 9,1886, and No. 316,425, olJuly 27,

of an excess of pressure by transferring the solution from the boiler tothe absorbers, where it is cooled and returned tothe well, ready 55 foruse in the boiler.

Myinveiition consists, further, in providing means for Conveying vaporfrom theboiler to the absorbers without passing it through the engine.

My invention eousists,lurther, in automatically increasing the amount ofabsorbing or sp ay liquid and ot circulating water with the increase ofthe pressure in the boiler.

For the purpose of illustrating my inven- 65 tion, l have shown in thedrawing a longitudinal view, partly in section, oli the boiler, engine,cooler, absorbers, pumps, pipes, and valves which constitute my machine,and such will be described hereinafter in detail.

A represents a boiler and lil an engine, both of ordinary eonstruetion,the same being conneeted with cach other by means ot the vapor-pipe l).

O is the main exhaustpipe for the engine, and .l a pipe for Conveyingliquid or weak solution in a continuous stream and under boiler-pressurefrom the boiler through the Cooler' 'l to the exhaust-pupo ol' theengine, and described as a sljiray-pipe iu my patents above mentioned.

S and S are surface-oondensers through which the combined exhaust-vaporand absorption liquid or spray are conveyed, and in which they arecooled on their way to the well lV.

P is a feed-pump constructed similar' to ordinarysteam-pumps, and isused `for pumping the liquid -from the well ll' to the boiler. Said pumpobtains its supply ot' vapor for propelling its piston from the mainpipe D by means oli' the braneh pipe d. lts exhaustpipe e leads into themain exhaust-pipe O at a point, X, located between the engine E and theabsorber S. 95

P is a double pump receiving the vaporsupply lfrom the main pipe D bymeans of the branch pipe d. It is shown here to be provided with acentral cylinder, c', which has a piston moving` within propelled by thevapor entering it through the pipe d. The exhaustn vapor is dischargedthrough the exhaust-pipe f into the main exhaust-pipe O at y, so as tobe absorbed by the sprayj, whieh performs IOO ' able source ofcoolii'ig-\vater.

co is the dischargepipe. The same enters the cooling-pipe a a, whichfurnishes a constant supply oi Water, and is shown here to lead to thecooling-chamber T, the water for cooling being from there conveyedthrough the pipes c2 and a to the su 1.t'acecomlenser S', and from thereby the pipe a to the surface-condenser S, and iinally discharged Abranch pipe, a, passes through the pipe a5. through the well V in theform of a coil, and the circulation of cooling-water through the samecan be interrupted by closing the cock fr.

7L is the suction-pipe lior the cylinder c3, taking its supply i'rom theliquidl in the Well \V, and is provided with a valve,

N is the discharge-pipe leading inio the vapor-space of the boiler A.

2 is a weighted valve constructed and adjusted to open automaticallywhen a given pressure is reached above it in the pipe d.

l is a cock to enable the engineer to regulate the vapor-supply to thepump P by hand.

Q is a pipe connecting the pipe O with the pipe J.

t is a weighted valve opening automatieall y under a given pressure, thecock` Fbeingthen open.

N N is a pi pe connecting with the main vapor-pipe I), as well as withthe exhaustpipe O, and passing around the engine E it is provided with acock, Z5, which the engineer may open or 'close at will, while Z6 isanautomatic valve adjusted to open when a given pressure is reached, thecock Zi then being open.

r3 is a cock or automat ie valve to be closed when t'ie excess ol`pressure in the boiler demands a larger supply of liquid to be injectedin the vapor-space of the boiler through cylinder c and pipe 72,.

The operation of the apparatus as shown is as follows: The operation ofthe pump P is th at of an ordinary steam-pump, exeeptihat the exhaustot' this pump is returned to the boiler by the aid ofthe sp ayor absorbingliq uid used for the cylinder ofthe main engine, it being found inpractice dliicult to use an independent spray for the pump without usingan orifice or nozzle so large that the economy of the plant would bomaterially affected. The amount olf vapor required for the work to beperformed by pump P being small, it is not necessary to depend upon aspray or absorbing jet for the absorption of the exhaust-vapor, it beingsufficient to bring it in contact with the uuid-exhaust in pipe O at Xbefore entering the absorbers S and S.

The operation of the pump P is as follows: XVhenever there is an excessof pressure in the boiler and pipes D and d, the eocl; l bcing open, theweighted valve Z2 will be opened and will admit vapor to cylinder C,thus start# ing the pump P. The excess of pressure will also openWeighted valve l, Z3 being open at the time, thus permitting a largersupply of the liquid to pass from the boiler to the absorbers, when itwill be cooled and by gravity Will iiow into the Well \V. The cock r3being closed, the entire quantity of liquid thus drawn from the boilerand cooled will be withdrawn from the well XV by means of pump P anddischarged through the pipe h and spray-nozzle or rose-head vn, into thevapor-space of the boiler, where, being brought in Contact with thevapor, it Will absorb a portion of it, as well as reduce thetemperature, thus reducing the pressure in the boiler.

The operation of the pipe il N, forming a by-pass around the engine E,is as follows: The cock V4 being closed and Z5 being open, the vaporWill pass directly from the pipe D to the exhaust-pipe O, Where it isbrought in contact with the spray or absorbing liquid at jj, by Wh ichit is absorbed, and, passing through the absorbers to the well, it willbe returned to the boiler either by the pump P or P. This operation maybe rendered automatic by substituting for the cocliif" a valve, Z,Weighted to the desired pressure. Ordinarily such valve l would have tobe adjusted to open at a lower pressure than i?, thus in ease of acomparatively slight rise in pressure doing away with the starting ofthe pump P. For the purpose of obtaining an increased supply ofcooling-Water for the iiuid thus forced through the pipes J and Q, theWater-cylinder C2 of the pump P is operated, as heretofore described, soas to add the Water-supply passing through it when the pump P is inmotion to the supply of coolingwater ordinarily passing through c a..XVhile both pumps Pand P may be used yto force back into the boiler thefluid sov cooled, it will be seen that the fluid so introduced into thevapor-space will be more effeetivein promptly reducing theboiler-pressure, as it will come in direct Contact With the vapor andWill thus absorb it, While the iiuid passed into the boiler through Pbelou7 the fluid-line will only serve to reduce the general temperatureof the boiler and of the fluid in the saine.

dien the engineer desires to avail himself exclusively of the pump P forforcing fluid from. the Well NV to the boiler, he can do so by closingvalve V3 in the suction-pipe of pump P. I do not wish to limit myself incooling the iiuid passing through Q to the Iuse of the apparatusprovided for cooling the combined spraying or absorbing fluid andexhaust-vapor represented in the drawing by the surface condensers orabsorbers S and S and the Well XV, as it will readily be seen that whileit Will ordinarily simplify the construction of the apparatus to do so aseparate cooling apparatus might be provided for the fluid passingthrough Q.

Having thus described my invention, what I IOO IIO

claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

l. The method herein described of reliering the boiler of anaqua-ammonia engine from an excess of pressure, which consists indra-Wing off a portion of the solution or liquid from the boiler throughan aperture additional to the exhaust-absorbing jet, cooling saidsolution, and returning' it to the boiler, as set forth.

2. The method herein described of relieving the boiler of anaqua-annnouia engine from an excess of pressure, which consists indrawing off a portion of the solution or liquid from the boiler throughan aperture additional to the exhaust-absorbing jet, cooling saidsolution, and returning it to the vaporspace of the boiler, Where it isbrought in contact with the vapor in the boiler, as set forth.

3. The method herein described of relieving the boiler of anaqua-ammonia engine from an excess of pressure, which consists incausing the pressure of vapor in the boiler to automatically start andoperate a pump to transfer cool solution to the boiler, wherebyaqua-ammonia engine, the same consist-ingin l driving a pump directly byvapor of aquaammonia and absorbing the exhaust-Vapor of 1 presence oftwo Witnesses.

said pump by the absorbing-liquid designed to absorb the exhaust of theengine, substanj tially as set forth.

l). The method herein described of utilizingx a single-spray jet forabsorbing the exhaust 1 vapor from an exigirle and a pump, the sameconsisting in bringing the exhaust-pipes of said engine and pump intoone common eX- haust-pipe which is provided with an absorbing-jet,substantially as set forth.

7. The method herein described. of relieving the boiler of anaqua-ammonia engine from an excess of pressure, which consists intransferring the vapor from the boiler directly to the absorbers andWell without passing it through the engine and bringing said Vapor incontact with a continuous stream under boiler-pressure of cooled Weaksolution or Huid While in transit to the absorbers, as set forth.

8. The method herein described of relieving` the boiler of anaqua-ammonia engine from an excess of pressure, which consists intransferring the vapor from the boiler directly to the exhaust-pipe ofthe cylinder of the engine Without passing it through the engine andbringing such Vapor in contact with a continuous stream of the cooledweak solution, set forth.

0. The method herein described of reducing the pressure in the boiler ofan aquaammonia engine, which consists in conveying the vapor from thepipe leading from thc boiler to the cylinder of the engine directly tothe exhaust-pipe of the cylinder and absorbing said vapor, together withexhaust- Vapor from the cylinder, by a continuous stream of the cooledsolution, as set forth.

l0. The method herein described of reliering the boiler of anaqua-ammonia engine of excessive pressure, which consists in Withdrawingliquid from the boiler, cooling it by cooling-Water, and returning theliquid to the boiler, part of said cooling-water being supplied by apump started and operated by such excessive pressure, substantially asset forth. In testimony whereof l affix my signature in JOSEPH H.CAMPBELL.

lVitnesses:

'PATRICK A. Non-iN, Crus. L. Hennen.

